Boston Tea Party Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Boston Tea Party - Article Example The Indemnity Act of 1767 served to shield the British government from losing out to tea smugglers who sourced their tea from Holland. Holland did not impose taxes for its imported tea hence Dutch traders supplied it at cheaper rates. After establishing the Indemnity act, the East India Company was able to retrieve the 25 percent ad valorem tax it paid for tea that they exported to British colonies. Part of the act’s outcome was to permit export of tea to other British colonies by the East India Company. In addition to this, the act also reduced taxes paid by domestic consumers of tea in Britain. The overall idea here was to shift the taxation burdens from the homeland to the colonies. The Townshend Act was Britain’s attempt at imposing tea taxes on its colonies. Constitutionally, this precise issue was the long, held bone of contention that drove up resistance from colonists to British authority in the colonial lands. The Whigs, who were a group of political activists in America, laid a case against the Townshend Act. Reason being that it forced American to pay taxes, which had no approval from their local elected representatives. The new taxes brought about by the passing of the Townshend act resulted in massive protests and boycotts from colonists. (Rowe, web). This eventually forced the government to repeal the taxes included in the Townshend Act. In 1772, after the Indemnity Act expired, the government reverted to taxes that they had offset from British people in 1767 (Rowe, web). On the reintroduction of taxes, sales of tea fell short, and there was a large surplus held by the East India Company. As a major driver of the British economy, the company re ceived help from the government. The Tea act finally came as a solution to the crisis. It allowed the East India Company to sell directly tea to Americans at a price of their choosing. This was supposed to help reduce the overdue stock that was still in their warehouses. Because of this, tea prices for America significantly dropped in the hope of driving up sales. The taxes payable on importing the tea were paid, under much secrecy, to avoid reaction such as those that had been encountered before. The Actual Event It was not long before the arrangements to hide taxes were discovered by the American Whigs. The discovery came about while seven ships made their way to American harbors to offload large consignments of British tea. Three of these ships namely the Dartmouth, Eleanor and Beaver, headed for Boston while each of the others went to New York, Charleston and Philadelphia. After the three ships to Boston arrived, American protestors climbed onto them, opened up 342 chests that c ontained the imported tea and threw the tea into the sea (Lepore, web). This took no more than three hours to accomplish, and the colonists had disguised themselves as Indians to be mistaken for workers. The damaged product was worth 10000 pounds, and it would be unsalvageable for authorities to charge duty on it (Lepore, web). The ship’s owners had, however, been warned earlier on to retreat and return the ships to England through a meeting held in Boston with the protest’s leaders. Resolutions and Outcomes The British legislature after receiving news of the event decided to take disciplinary action against the entire populace of Boston. It passed the Boston Port Bill, which Boston harbor closed off until the East India Company had received due compensation for the destroyed tea. In addition, to this Parliament decided to amend the structure of the Massachusetts Council, which was largely elective in nature. They instead had the governor acquire

Unattainable Things in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Unattainable Things in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The roaring twenties. Cars were the things to have and a party was the place to be.   Everybody wanted something. F. Scott Fitzgerald's book, The Great Gatsby, describes the events that happen to eight people during the summer of 1922. In the book, people went from west to east because something they desired was in the east; unfortunatly in the end those 'somethings' were unattainable.         Ã‚  Ã‚   ...I decided to go east and learn the   Ã‚  Ã‚   bond business.   Everybody I knew was   Ã‚  Ã‚   in the bond business so I supposed it   Ã‚  Ã‚   could support one more single man. All   Ã‚  Ã‚   my aunts and uncles talked it over as   Ã‚  Ã‚   if they were choosing a prep school   Ã‚  Ã‚   for me...       Nick went to the east to make money.   He was from the midwest, and even though his family was doing pretty well in the money department, Nick wanted to make his own money. By going from the midwest to the east, Fitzgerald shows Nick's desire to have more money.   After spending the summer in the east and seeing how money affects people, he decides to go back west.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I see now that this has been a   Ã‚  Ã‚   story of the west,   after all-Tom   Ã‚  Ã‚   and Gatsby,   Daisy and Jordan and   Ã‚  Ã‚   I,   were all westerners and and   Ã‚  Ã‚   perhaps we possessed some deficiency   Ã‚  Ã‚   in common which made us subtly   Ã‚  Ã‚   unadaptable to eastern life.       In other words, after finding out what the east was really like, Nick lost his interest in being in the east and returned to the west.            Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gatsby came east looking for another type of money - Daisy.   Gatsby and Daisy had last seen each other about five years before, when they were dating. Then Gatsby had to go to war.   While he was away in war, Daisy met Tom and then married Tom.   Daisy had always been rich and thought that in order to get Daisy back, he need to have money and be able to give Daisy anything she wanted.   He found out that Daisy was in the east and went to go try to get her back.         Ã‚  Ã‚   ...I thought of Gatsby's wonder when

Changing communication by technology Essay

Nowadays the world changes in so many parts such as environment, economic, cultural, technology and so on†¦ And all of those things will be effect in a business. Especially, technology has change really quick over last 20 years. It is made the word seem smaller and make people closer .Communicate today has changed from personal to more dialogue as sharing information, sharing videos, photos and other multimedia content. It is accomplished through the development of technology in both hardware such as smart phones, laptops and software as all social networks, email, and mobile software. We can easy see that the most outstanding changes in technology is Web Site, Social networking, smart phones, Internet shopping .it affect in communicate with our customers, suppliers, government and public. We can easy deny that the internet is growth up and change every day. ‘’The Internet is probably the most revolutionary idea since the invention of cell phones’’ (How the internet is changing life and business, 2014). It is the best opportunity for company doing marketing to attract customers. ’’Around 40% of the world population has an internet connection today. In 1995, it was less than 1%. The number of internet users has increased tenfold from 1999 to 2013’’ (Internet Users,2014). Furthermore, the development of hardware devices such as smart phones, tablets, computers also changes the way people communicate with each other. Communication within the company and outside the company has changed compared to the past. it made our communication in business is more faster and easier . Firstly, we can easy see that Word Wide Web is more commonly to communicates with customer. They can buy or do research by the web pages online and don’t need to go the showroom or a store to decide what they want to buy. â€Å"According to PC magazine,58% of people research a product or service provider online before buying†(e-shock 2020,Macheal de Kare-Silver,p.135) .Amazon is a successful company is this case with revenue achieve US$ 74.45 billion in 2013 (Amazon.com, Form 8-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Jan 30, 2014) .We also use the web pages for sharing information to public which mean we can use the web to provide information to public and attract investors also informed on the status of business quickly to shareholders . In addition to the benefits that are as low cost, easy to connect everywhere and rapid interactive communications but challenging encounter is the search  can be slow, danger of information overload and excess and virus attacks. The secondly is mobile phone. They changed the way people communicate with each other and companies also rely on it to be able to communicate better with their customers. For example ANZ Bank have created a â€Å"ANZ Gomoney app† to better interact with customers. they can easily use anytime, anywhere â€Å"GoMoney The ANZ â„ ¢ app provides a secure and convenient way to bank, 24/7†(anz.com.au,2014). In addition we can better interact together face to face wherever customers are when they use their Smartphone. For shareholders we can have meetings without necessarily meeting room , we can inform the external situation quickly companies to shareholders via sms or email when they are accessed by phone. Next, email has changed the way we communicate in business. it is used for internal communication within the company and external communication with customers, suppliers and the government . Scott F. Geld argue that Email is an Internet marketing tool that is fast, easy to use, inexpensive and effective (Advantages of Email,2014). Email can help companies reach customers through an easy advertising without spending much more on printing costs. Also â€Å"Email lets businesses market to targeted audiences. Customers can opt in to receive email communications about products they own, sales or new items. Customers who receive targeted emails based on their preferences are likely to be more receptive.†(Advantages and Benefits of Email for a Business, Amanda C. Kooser, Demand Media, 2014) . We may use email to conduct customer service to answer questions as well as information that customers need to know. Email has certain advantages for companies such as low cost and easy access can use at any time. It is easy to send a message to large numbers of people. Today we face many difficulties when using email to communicate as system security, risk sending the wrong address and so much spam box. With the organizations, communicate with customer such as selling products and services to the customer with a high possible price is a main purpose in their business. So that, to achieve it, they have to compete against with other competitors in the economic market and promote their products to the  customers. Therefore, using social media is the best way to advertise the organization’s products or services. â€Å"Social networking Web sites and services, such as Facebook, MySpace and Cyworld, have become primary communication media for a new generation of digitally aware consumers† (The Changing face of communication , IBM Corporation).By posting the article product promotion on the social media websites such as Facebook , Twitter†¦ they can communicate with the customer in a indirect way. Besides that, with the developing of technological, making advertising video is easier way to promote the organization’s business. In other words, the customers will be feel more confidence to make their choice when they can read or watch the products detail in their own computer and other customer comments about the products that they want to buy. With the developing of social media, the organizations will not to misspend their money for advertising their products, and time to communicate with their customers. Social media open the best way to business for the organizations in promotion and online-service with customer about their products. For example is this case is Vodafone .†The â€Å"Connect to Friends† application from Vodafone is a messaging application users can download from Facebook. It is open to Vodafone and non-Vodafone customers and allows them to send messages and photos directly from Facebook† (â€Å"Vodafone Connect to Friends.† Mobi le TechNews. September 2008.) Technological also changes the way of communication in today’s companies. In the past, we are difficult to communicate between levels in a company. Example, staffs are difficult to present the problem as well as new ideas for their managers. The managers also can hardly reach the staff new idea because it needs a long time. Today, it is easy to communicate internal in the company, it is faster and easier. For managers they can use email to send information to employees, and it’s easy to get staff feedback quickly. For staff, technology opens up opportunities so that they can present their ideas as well as faster and directly. In addition, the development of social networks brought a good tool for managers to communicate better with staff. They can understand better the problems existing in the company as well as getting good ideas to operating and develop company. For example, â€Å"General Motors uses social networking tools to facilitate communication between  executives and employees, as well as to give product experts the opportunity to present new designs to the employee community† (Holtz, Shel. â€Å"GMnext: A preview of corporate communications in the social media era.† January 3, 2008). Furthermore, communication between staff members also changed compared to the past. They can more easy to connect with mobile phones, we can communicate anytime, anywhere sharing new ideas and do the jobs better. They can share information and attach documents by email to complete the job faster. In other words, your employees can work wherever with devices, such as laptops, phones and they were easier to exchange information with each other at low costs by using email, clouds and but software like Skype, FaceTime and so on.

The Ancient History of Abortion and When it Began

Abortion, the purposeful termination of a pregnancy, is often presented as if it were a new, cutting-edge, scientific product of the modern era, when it is, in fact, as old as recorded history. Earliest Known Description of Abortion Although contraception is older, the earliest known description of abortion comes from the ancient Egyptian medical text known as the Ebers Papyrus. This document, written about 1550 BCE, and credibly from records dating as far back as the third millennium BCE, suggests that an abortion can be induced with the use of a plant-fiber tampon coated with a compound that included honey and crushed dates. Later herbal abortifacients—substances used to promote abortions—included the long-extinct silphium, the most prized medicinal plant of the ancient world, and pennyroyal, which is still sometimes used to induce abortions (but not safely, as it is highly toxic). In Lysistrata, a satire written by the Greek comic playwright Aristophanes (460–380 BCE), the character Calonice describes a young woman as well-cropped, and trimmed, and spruced with pennyroyal. Abortion is never explicitly mentioned in any book of the Judeo-Christian Bible, but we do know that the ancient Egyptians, Persians, and Romans, among others, would have practiced it during their respective eras. The absence of any discussion of abortion in the Bible is conspicuous, and later authorities attempted to close the gap. Niddah 23a, a chapter of the Babylonian Talmud and probably written in the fourth century BCE, includes commentary from the later Talmudic scholars about abortion as determining whether a woman is unclean. The discussion would likely have been consistent with contemporaneous secular sources permitting abortion during early pregnancy: [A woman] can only abort something in the shape of a stone, and that can only be described as a lump. Early Christian (c. third century CE) writers allude to contraceptives and abortifacients generally disapprovingly, prohibiting abortion  within the context condemning theft, covetousness, perjury, hypocrisy, and pride. Abortion is never mentioned in the Quran, and later Muslim scholars hold a range of views regarding the morality of the practice—some holding that it is always unacceptable, others holding that it is acceptable up to the 16th week of pregnancy. Earliest Legal Ban on Abortion The earliest legal ban on abortion dates from the Assyrian 11th century BCE Code of Assura, a harsh set of laws restricting women in general. It imposes the death penalty on married women who procure abortions—without the permission of their husbands. We know that some regions of ancient Greece also had some sort of ban on abortion because there are fragments of speeches from the ancient Greek lawyer-orator Lysias (445–380 BCE) in which he defends a woman accused of having an abortion. But, much like the Code of Assura, it may have only applied in cases where the husband had not granted permission for the pregnancy to be terminated. The fifth century BCE Hippocratic Oath forbade physicians from inducing elective abortions (requiring that physicians vow not give to a woman a pessary to produce abortion). The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BCE) held that abortion was ethical if performed during the first trimester of pregnancy, writing in the Historia Animalium that there is a distinctive change that takes place early in the second trimester: About this period (the ninetieth day) the embryo begins to resolve into distinct parts, it having hitherto consisted of a fleshlike substance without distinction of parts. What is called effluxion is a destruction of the embryo within the first week, while abortion occurs up to the fortieth day; and the greater number of such embryos as perish do so within the space of these forty days. As far as we know, surgical abortion was not common until the end of the 19th century and would have been reckless prior to the invention of the Hegar dilator in 1879, which made dilation-and-curettage (DC) possible. But pharmaceutically induced abortions, different in function and similar in effect, were extremely common in the ancient world. Sources and Further Reading Arkenberg, J. S. The Code of the Assura, c. 1075 BCE: Excerpts from the Code of the Assyrians. Ancient History Sourcebook. Fordham University, 1998.  Epstein, Isidore. (trans.). Contents of the Soncino Babylonian Talmud. London: Soncino Press, Come and Hear, 1918.Gorman, Michael J. Abortion and the Early Church: Christian, Jewish and Pagan Attitudes in the Greco-Roman World. Eugene OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1982.Mulder, Tara. The Hippocratic Oath in Roe v. Wade. Eidolon, March 10, 2016.  Riddle, John M. Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.