Prejudic/ Discrimination Essay

†¢ How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Stereotypes involve generalizations about the certain characteristics of people in groups. Some examples is saying that women are bad drivers or that they need to stay in the home. Discrimination is a reaction that is either positive or negative actions toward the objects of prejudice. An example is when someone states that they do not want a particular race to enter their club and because of this statement a person discriminating will react a certain way with that race if they were to want join. Prejudice is the act of judging someone or a group of people without having any prior knowledge of their personal selves. An example is assuming that because someone is of a different race than you that wouldn’t be acceptable to hire. All of these actions feed off of one another which had caused so many problems everywhere. These problems stem from past actions that we are still trying to correct today. †¢ What are the causes of discrimination? One cause is culture to culture. Some cultures do not want other races coming in and messing with their women. They do not want the blood lines to mix. Also some cultures do not want others to come in and try and take over or change their ways which why some do not like Americans. Another cause is people being stuck in one era especially when it comes to women. These days most women don’t want to stay home. They need to work to provide and since it seems sometimes the roles have switched with men staying home they feel that have to take care of everything. Another cause is racial. One cannot assume that because one person of a culture or race follows in the same category as the rest of their race. These days there are a lot of cultures and race that have crossed over still holding on to their heritage but venturing out to know and understand others. In understanding other races a trace of it stays with you leaving you a little changed †¢ How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different? Discrimination against race is when you take a look at one race on a whole and assume by either prejudice or stereotyping that every one is the same. All black people sag their pants, all white people are rich and all Chinese people are smart just to name a few. Then there is discrimination against gender. There are still men today who believe that women need to stay at home. It seems, though, that men are taking care of their families less than they used to like long ago so women have no choice but to get up and do what women need to do in order to take care of their families. There are many cases where women advance faster than men and men tend to discriminate because they are intimidated. In some cases women aren’t looked at as someone who can be an asset to the company and that they have to hire them because minority rules.

How Has Popular Recreation Influenced Sport and Pastimes in the 21st Century

How has popular recreation influenced sport and pastimes in the 21st century? Popular recreation was pre-industrial sports and pastimes mainly associated with the peasant/lower class. This could also refer to popular past times at that time. Pre industrial popular recreation accurately reflected society and life in pre industrial Britain. The different activities and sports were supported by a strict class system (The feudal system) sometimes they shared activities such as cock fighting, sometimes they took part in different activities, mob football was predominately lower class and past time such as lawn tennis were upper class. In some cases the different classes had different roles within the sport, for example in hunting the upper class would take part in the actual hunt and the lower class would organise the dogs and tend to the animals. Bare knuckle boxing Bare knuckle boxing was a popular sport that has heavily influenced modern day boxing. Like many pre industrial past times bare knuckle boxing was simple with very primitive methods, had very few rules and was violent which reflected the harsh eighteenth century rural life. It was one of few sports in which upper and lower classes were involved. Some members of the gentry sponsored a lower class fighter and they became their patron. The patron would arrange the contest, put up a stake or wager money and give board and lodging to the performer. The fighters were usually from very poor background and this gave them a chance to earn money fame and status. The patron however did this for prestige and popularity. Modern day boxing is similar in many ways to bare knuckle boxing; there are accepted rules such as not striking a downed opponent, In 1853 London prize fighting ring rules were introduced which stated that fights had to take place in a 24 feet square ring, if the fighter was knocked down he had thirty seconds to rise to his feet and biting, head butting and hitting below the belt were declared fouls. These rules are still in place today but the fundamental difference is boxing gloves and mouth guards for safety and head guards for amateur boxers Lawn tennis Lawn tennis is a variation of the modern game today that is known as tennis. Lawn tennis originated in Britain and was a combination of the game rackets and the Spanish ball game peolta. It was developed and played exclusively by the upper class and had a clear set of rules and etiquette. It wasn’t accessible by the lower classes as they had neither the money nor equipment to become involved. It was created in the mid 19th century just at the start of the industrial revolution. The rules of tennis have been kept largely similar to modern day tennis although like many other past times the equipment has changed as materials became more readily available for inventors to modernise the game. The original rackets were wooden and prone to breakages were as now the rackets are made of carbon-fibre and are lightweight. Mob football Mob football was a mediaeval form of what is now known as association football  which emerged in Europe during the middle Ages. Mob football was very simple with no rules and huge number of players, and any means could be used to move the ball to a goal, as long as it did not lead to manslaughter or murder. These early games of football  were forerunners of modern codes of football such as rugby football  and association football. The origins of the game is not clear but by the Middle Ages these games had generally become annual celebrations and had a tendency to become quite rowdy. Mob football would have more resembled a  riot  than any of its descendants. The sport usually involved groups of men from two connecting villages (or two groups from either end of a single village) fighting to move a ball from one side to the other. The game was associated with the lower classes and frowned upon by upper classes and more so by royalty. A number of monarchs prohibited the sport as it's lack of rules did not accurately reflect Christian life. Each town or village would have played a slightly different game with rules that were not written down. The events were held on public holidays such as  Shrove Tuesday  when men would have been given the day off work. The sport can still be witnessed in some parts of the  United Kingdom, notably Ashbourne where the annual Shrovetide football game attracts people from all around the world. Cruel sports In the 18th century life was tough for peasants and their past times echoed this. Bear baiting, dog fighting and cock fighting were just some of the cruel, violent past times that took place in pre- industrial Britain. Many of these past times took place in the inn’s yard as it was a one of the only ways to socialise as there were very few methods of communication. They were a place for locals to do business, socialize and were a stopping station for coaches. The landlords provided equipment and set up a number of games to boost customer and profit. Many sporting clubs used the pubs as there base and this is still evident today with pubs having pool, darts and football teams. Pubs helped the development and spread of sports around Britain. Religion has been a key factor in the development of sport in Britain. The reformation caused the creation of two new types of Christian religion, Protestantism and Puritanism as well as the original Roman Catholics but after the break away from Rome, the catholic way of life disappeared from Britain. As a result of the English reformation Puritans emerged and they were fiercely against excess, unruliness and drinking associated with contempory recreations. This was a bleak time for recreation in Britain but this only lasted for a short time and Protestantism became prominent and leisure was restored but only for work purposes. The military has also influenced modern day sport and past times. Combat skills such as archery and fencing were originally functional and used in battle but over time these became recreational and with the development of guns, lost their functions. They remain relatively unchanged and archery is an Olympic event and professional sport. Are there illegal activities still continuing? Bare knuckle boxing is now illegal and has been for many years but there is still an underground movement and also many cruel sports such as bear-baiting , dog fighting and cock fighting still unfortunately take place. It was banned in the UK in 1835 but is still present in many less developed countries in the world particularly Latin America. Conclusion Popular recreation in pre-industrial Britain has greatly influenced modern sport as the origins are evident in many sports such as mob football becoming association football and bare knuckle boxing becoming boxing. The popular past times were generally basic with few rules with the exception of lawn tennis and cricket which were developed by the upper class and these led to many variations such as mob football developing into rugby and rugby in turn forming rugby union and rugby league. Without these pre industrial past times many of the modern sports would not have been developed.

The Arguments For and Against Giving Sentencing Discounts Where There Essay

The Arguments For and Against Giving Sentencing Discounts Where There is a Guilty Plea - Essay Example Other arguments against sentencing discounts include the dangers of innocent defendant’s pleading guilty out of fear that he or she might be convicted at trial and receive the maximum penalty. It has also been argued, that the practice of permitting a reduced sentence in exchange for a guilty plea is an inducement which is essentially a violation of procedural justice. 4 This paper provides a critical analysis of arguments for and against sentencing discounts in exchange for a guilty plea. After weighing both sides of the argument, this research study agrees that the practice of awarding a reduction in sentencing when a defendant enters a guilty plea should be retained. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part of this paper provides an overview of the practice of sentencing discounting when a defendant pleads guilty. ... However, a common theme in practice is the fact that a number of factors influence the magnitude of the discount. Some of the most common factors is the time when the guilty plea is entered and the â€Å"extent to which the plea spared vulnerable witnesses† the necessity of having to testify. 6 In England and Wales, defendants who plead guilty early on can expect a sentence discount of up to 30 per cent. However, defendants who plead guilty at the start of the trial can expect to receive a smaller discount. The usual discount for a guilty plea at the beginning of a trial is no more than 10 per cent.7 It would therefore appear that the sentencing discounts practice operates as a reward for pleading guilty and foregoing formal adjudication. Although no actual negotiation of sentence is conducted with the judge, the defendant essentially foregoes the right to a formal adjudication in exchange for a reduced sentence.8 Sentencing discounts are not automatic however. For instance in Landy, the Court of Appeal held that a sentence discount is not guaranteed where a defendant who pleads guilty has been â€Å"caught red-handed† or the evidence against the defendant is overwhelming.9 However, the Court of Appeals ruling appears to contradict the main premise for awarding a discount in exchange for a guilty plea: the efficient administration of justice as it allows the courts to dispense with a case more quickly and turn its attention to other cases.10 Regardless of whether a defendant is caught red-handed or not or the evidence against him or her is overwhelming, the defendant is entitled to a trial. By pleading guilty, the defendant is waiving his/her right to a fair trial and is freeing the court’s calendar

Convergence Culture Argumentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Convergence Culture Argumentation - Essay Example A mobile phone is an example of technology convergence since it can perform different tasks; play music, take photos and videos, make calls among others. Economic convergence is the merging of old business idea such as marketing in business ideas that deal with the new generation goods and services while cultural convergence is when the audience becomes the user (Junkins 200). The emergence of the media convergence has given the audience capacity to store, edit, improve and recalculate media content. This is an outcome of the current trends in new generation media which has such features like download, edit play, watch, and upload share among others. This features give the audience unlimited capacity to modify media products and take them back to the same market as if they were originals. The consumer is therefore gaining more control over the flow o f media products. Global convergence occurs due to international circulation of media products such as music and film content (Junkins 200). This has further been reinforced by the development of social media platforms such as chat, face book, Skype, Google+ among others which make the circulation of media products very easy Is convergence culture good for society? I am for the concept of cultural convergence and global convergences (Junkins 200). I believe that cultural convergence is good for the society since its benefit greatly out weighs the negative of this trend. Benefits of cultural convergence It has made communication easier by development of new media gadgets that can perform multiple tasks eliminating the need to have several bulky media items. The new models are precise, efficient and portable. This means that there is the flexibility of accessing the media item even on the move, or attending to other tasks. Cultural convergence has made the global market be more competitive hence initiating creativity and diversity to compete fairly in the market (Junkins 200). Media produces have to learn how to keep up with the tremendous flow of media content through the delivery channels to increase revenue, broaden the market and motivate consumer commitment. This culture has brought about new trends in socialization making it dynamic (Junkins 200). It has reduced the social barriers and bridged geographical barriers making it possible for people in different regions to access each other just by the click of a button. It has created a platform where media products can be improved and shared with much ease hence reducing cost of production. There is increased interaction between the producer and consumer of the media production. This gives a channel to get the market feedback on such key areas such as market trends. Consumer need and response your products get in the market. This guides in quality improvement and modification. Accessing media content has also been simplified. The consumer is greatly earning the ability to control the media product they consume, store, discard or modify. Actu ally there are renowned artists who are thriving out of this creativity (Junkins 200). Although some, may refer to their work as not being original. These artists put in some ideas and creativity to come up with the improved product that is commonly referred to as a remix. Usually the source of idea is appreciated. What these artists bring in is the new perspective to interpret

Nude Descending a Staircase versus Mystery and Melancholy of the Assignment

Nude Descending a Staircase versus Mystery and Melancholy of the Street - Assignment Example The paper "Nude Descending a Staircase versus Mystery and Melancholy of the Street" focuses on the contrast of two paintings by Marcel Duchamp and Giorgio De Chirico. The painting has dark outlines, which serve as motion lines and provide limitations of the body contours. The motion lines in the painting are significant because they provide emphasis on the moving figure. The painting also has dotted lines of accented arcs. The lines are effective in showing motion because of the ease to detect from the painting that the movement rotated in an anticlockwise direction, which is from the upper left to the lower right corner. Similarly, Melancholy and Mystery of a Street painting focus on contours because of the great color use. The artist did the work with great preciseness to set a seemingly void atmosphere. The painting shows, at the bottom corner, a peaceful girl in the play mood with her bicycle rim and a stick, which balances her perfectly with the entire painting. In the painting, De Chirico uses lines and contours to portray elongated shadows, empty arcades, mannequins, and towers. He excels in his arrangements to create the images of emptiness, as well as forlornness. Consequently, the painting succeeds in conveying the mood and feeling of freedom and power in a paradoxical manner. The contours color and lines help to explain shows a distinction between shadows and the clear sunshine that suggests a clear sky. Consequently, the shadows and sunlight create an apparent mental illusion.

Aspects of Contract & Negligence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Aspects of Contract & Negligence - Assignment Example 1). For example, a contractor agrees to construct a building on a specific site for the site owner within a particular timeframe and pursuant to detailed specifications in consideration of a specific price to paid by the site owner. In ordinary circumstances this would be a gratuitous exchange of promises. However, since the parties (site owner and contractor) intend to create legal relations, the agreement is a contract and therefore the voluntary undertakings and promises become legal obligations under the law (Koffman and MacDonald, p. 1). For instance, if the contractor fails to construct the building within the specific timeframe, the site owner has a right to sue the contractor for a breach of contract and can seek compensatory damages for the same. Likewise, if the contractor lives up to his or her undertakings and promises and the site owner fails to pay the promised price for the same, the contractor can sue the site owner for breach of contract and may seek compensatory dam ages as well. In a typical case, the parties to a contract will expressly state or write out the terms of the contract. In this regard, each of the parties’ undertakings and promises will be articulated. The parties will then have a legal obligation to abide by those express terms (Ashcroft and Ashcroft, p. 50). The express terms of a contract will often have an impact on other persons who are not parties to the contract, although the right to enforce the express terms of a contract will only be applicable to the parties who have formed the contract and negotiated its terms and conditions (Ashcroft and Ashcroft, p. 51). The impact on other parties not parties to the contract can arise in specifically defined circumstances. For example a contract for a contractor to install doors and windows in a dwelling house for a site owner who leases the house to tenants will impact the tenants. In the installation of windows and doors, the tenants will be subjected to disruptions and int erruptions in their daily lives as the construction takes place. Therefore if for some reason either the contractor or the site owner delays the installation of the doors and windows, the tenants will be disadvantaged. Therefore in an action for breach of contract on the part of the contractor, the site owner may be entitled to claim additional damages for having to compensate the tenants either by a reduction in rent or a temporary relocation as a result of the delay. Therefore, although privity of contract only means that only the parties to the contract are bound by the specific terms and conditions in the contract, the impact of breaching those terms and conditions on third parties may increase the obligations of the parties to the contract (Koffman and MacDonald, p. 476). In the example provided (a contract for installing doors and windows), the contractor will also have to rely on other parties to ensure that he or she lives up to her specific terms and conditions. For example , the contractor will have to order doors and windows and will also have to enter into a contract for the delivery of the windows and doors. Therefore, two other contracts will come into play under the main contract and any breaches of these incidental contracts can impact the contractor’s ability to live up to the terms and conditions of the main contract (Koffman and MacDonald, p. 477). Therefore, if the windows and doors are not delivered on time, the contractor may be in breach of the contract with the site owner and in an action

Imperial Oil Company Limited Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Imperial Oil Company Limited - Case Study Example The company is important in the Canadian economy as oil products are the choice for the transportation fuel and Imperial Oil captures a significant portion of the market; since it was once a national asset which now is in the hands of the private sector but, still it contributes significantly in terms of taxes and supporting the economy. The Imperial Oil Company Limited is in the petroleum business, involved in all upstream and downstream activities; including exploration, production, transportation and sale of crude oil and natural gas, and lastly, the manufacture and transportation and sale of petroleum products. The Imperial Oil Limited's board of directors comprises of 8 directors, 5 of which are non employee directors. These directors are responsible for the overall management of the company. Profiles of each are as follows: Mr. Broiles joined Mobil Corporation in 1979 as a process engineer in South Texas and has held positions of increasing responsibility over 25 years including project management, technical, line management, commercial negotiations, and strategic planning. Prior to his current appointment with Imperial, he served as the global planning manager for the Houston-based ExxonMobil Production Co., a position he held for three years.Before that, he was the executive director of production for ExxonMobil, based in Lagos, Nigeria for four years (1997-2001), after his two-year assignment (1995-1997) as vice-president of production for Mobil Oil Canada's Western Canadian business. He was also the production manager for Mobil's Hugoton Field Area for two years (1993-1995), located in Liberal, Kansas.In addition, he was planning manager for Mobil New Producing Ventures for two years (1991-1993), where he contributed to the company's acquisition of material working interests in Qatar's North Field, Kazakhstan's Tengiz field, and Venezuela's Cerro Negro field. Mr. Broiles is a member of the American Society of Petroleum Engineers and serves on the CAPP Board of Governors as well as the CAPP Safety and Human Resources CEO Task Group. T.J. (Tim) Hearn Mr. Hearn is chairman, president and chief

Freudian Defense Mechanisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Freudian Defense Mechanisms - Essay Example She visited about five doctors and after the doctors all gave the same diagnosis she still waited five months before beginning the chemotherapy. This was an obvious case of denial as a disadvantage to the individual. An earlier intervention may have resulted in her experiencing a better life during her cancer situation. Isolation implies using an objective point of view. It refers to the removal of all feelings from a situation that may be unnaturally difficult or a memory that may cause pain. For example, a close friend of mine recently lost her mother. During the funeral she was fine until her old aunt came to remind her about something her mother had previously done. That was the trigger she needed I thought but she released some uninhibited tears for a moment and returned to the ‘masked’ face. I believe that this was acceptable socially because she did unleash the waters in the privacy of her bedroom. So it was advantageous to her to an extent in that she saved face in front of her associates. It was also disadvantageous because that was a perfect opportunity to share some of the burden, the stress and the grief with someone. Repression is an attempt to force unwanted and unpleasant memories from one’s thoughts. However, these memories/feelings have a major influence on one’s future behavior. I generally use this strategy when I am involved in a fight with anyone of my significant others. This helps me to cope with their ‘immediate’ call for affection after a major disagreement. One case in particular occurred when one of my significant others called me ‘ugly’. I actually thought I had forgotten it but now that it has come back to my memory it explains my intense need to remain either plain Jane for certain short period of times and suddenly appear as a movie star to shock everyone out of their wits. This mechanism actually is not an advantage for me because I realize that

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Paper Example Even with the government allocating relatively low funding to the national health care as part of measures to cut costs, Israel still managed to build a quality health care system ranked among the best in the world. Among the different medical areas, the country has performed exceptionally well in the diagnosis of chronic diseases thus preventing frequent hospitalizations unnecessarily. Such include cases like diabetes, which usually receive appropriate attention and early diagnosis significantly reducing the rate of complications as well as chances of hospitalization (Brinkley, 2007, p. 27). Government’s commitment and dedication to ensuring a healthy nation has been a key input to the success of the program. One other reason why proper execution of healthcare programs has yielded fruit is the fact that Israel benefited a lot from the influx of doctors and nurses from the former Soviet Union in the 1990’s though most are now aging and exiting from the profession. The c ountry’s health care is based on universal coverage, substantial federal government control and oversight and is a managed healthcare system. The country’s health care model requires citizens to be members of one of the four insurance plans. The plans are by law mandated to meet certain minimum service quality requirements and are not expected to reject clients simply because of certain preexisting conditions (Brinkley, 2007, p. 20). Even though the management of healthcare has been such a success, several areas of improvement have been suggested from various quarters. One such area is the expansion of the assessment of medical data by insurers from community health fund clinics to include monitoring improvements in care. Additionally, hospitals have also been urged to enhance the quality of treatment and accessibility of hospital data by healthcare professionals. There has not also been enough competition among providers of healthcare and also on quality among health care funds. Increased competition in these areas has been proposed as another avenue for better health care in the country. In terms of equity in care provision, there are a number of gaps based on ethnic groups and between the rich and the poor. To enhance accessibility to care and improve equity, additional efforts are inevitable. The Israel and the American Healthcare Systems The American healthcare system is majorly a public private partnership arrangement with a majority of Americans covered by their employers. There are more than 5000 hospitals in the United States majority operating as nonprofit private entities. A good number of Americans did not have health insurance but with the enactment of the Patient Protection Affordable Care Act (PPACA), the number without insurance is projected to significantly reduce. Both the American and the Israel health systems employ both public and private sources of funding with a mix of government and non-governmental organizations. Both sys tems are among the few in the world that utilize extensive use of competing managed care organizations though faced with shortages in healthcare professionals particularly physicians and nurses (Brinkley, 2007, p. 23-24). One of the notable differences between Israel’s and America’s healthcare systems is the issues of financing and coverage as well as cost control in health